![]() ![]() It is relatively low in sodium and chloride ions. The intracellular fluid is relatively rich in potassium and magnesium ions, inorganic and organic phosphates, and proteins. The fluids in the various body compartments have different compositions, although their total particle concentration is equal. The distribution of fluid between the interstitial and intracellular compartments occurs by osmosis rather than by filtration. ![]() The major body fluid compartments are depicted in Figure 24-1.įIGURE 24-1 Factors that influence body fluid distribution.įluid distribution between the vascular and interstitial compartments is the net result of filtration across permeable capillaries. The extracellular fluid lies between the cells ( interstitial compartment), in the blood vessels ( vascular compartment), in dense connective tissue and bone, and in several minor compartments that are collectively termed the transcellular fluids (e.g., synovial, cerebrospinal, and gastrointestinal fluids). Infants have more extracellular fluid than intracellular fluid this proportion reverses within a few months as the infant grows. 1 The other one third of body fluid is extracellular. In all age groups except infants, approximately two thirds of body fluid is intracellular. The body fluid is contained in two major compartments: extracellular (outside the cells) and intracellular (inside the cells). The term body fluid, as used in this chapter, pertains to water within the body and the particles dissolved in it. Similarly, it explains the principles of electrolyte homeostasis before presenting plasma electrolyte imbalances. This chapter first presents the principles of normal fluid homeostasis and then, building on that foundation, continues with a discussion of fluid imbalances. Although these disorders develop from many specific causes in different patient populations, these specific causes fall into general categories that arise from the principles of normal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. ![]() In severe cases, these disorders cause death. ![]() Because the fluid within the body is so widespread and serves so many functions, it is not surprising that abnormalities in the volume, concentration, or electrolyte composition of body fluid cause clinical problems.ĭisorders of fluid or electrolyte homeostasis occur as a result of many different pathophysiologic conditions. Body fluid serves as a lubricant and as a solvent for the chemical reactions that we call metabolism it transports oxygen, nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products to their destinations it plays an important role in the regulation of body temperature. The fluid of the body flows in arteries, veins, and lymph vessels it is secreted into specialized compartments as diverse as joints, cerebral ventricles, and the intestinal lumen it both surrounds and permeates the cells.
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